Abstract
The inhibitory synapse can induce synchronous behaviors different from the anti-phase synchronous behaviors, which have been reported in recent studies. In the present paper, synchronous behaviors are investigated in the motif model composed of reciprocal inhibitory coupled neurons with endogenous bursting and time delay. When coupling strength is weak, synchronous behavior appears at a single interval of time delay within a bursting period. When coupling strength is strong, multiple synchronous behaviors appear at different intervals of time delay within a bursting period. The different bursting patterns of synchronous behaviors, and time delays and coupling strengths that can induce the synchronous bursting patterns can be well interpreted by the dynamics of the endogenous bursting pattern of isolated neuron, which is acquired by the fast-slow dissection method, combined with the inhibitory coupling current. For an isolated neuron, when a negative impulsive current with suitable strength is applied at different phases of the bursting, multiple different bursting patterns can be induced. For a neuron in the motif, the inhibitory coupling current, of which the application time and strength is modulated by time delay and coupling strength, can cause single or multiple synchronous firing patterns like the negative impulsive current when time delay and coupling strength is suitable. The difference compared to the previously reported multiple synchronous behaviors that appear at time delays wider than a period of the endogenous firing is discussed. The results present novel examples of synchronous behaviors in the neuronal network with inhibitory synapses and provide a reasonable explanation.
Highlights
Synchronization is an emerging phenomenon of a population of interacting units in nature
Various burst patterns with different spikes per burst are induced, and the relationships between the number of spikes per burst of burst pattern and application phase and strength of the negative impulsive current are built. by the dynamics of the endogenous bursting pattern of isolated neuron, which is acquired by the fastslow dissection method, combined with the inhibitory coupling current
Time delay induced multiple synchronous behaviors are simulated in inhibitory coupled neurons with endogenous bursting, which appear within a period of the endogenous bursting
Summary
Synchronization is an emerging phenomenon of a population of interacting units in nature. Synchronization in biological systems such as the nervous system [3,4,5] and cardiac myocytes [6,7,8] has been extensively explored. Synchronous behaviors have been observed in many central nervous systems such as the visual cortex, PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0138593. Time Delay-Induced Multiple Synchronizations primary motor cortex, and somatosensory cortex [3,4,5], which is believed to be involved with many physiological functions including perceptual grouping, sensory motor integration, working memory, and perceptual awareness [3,4,5, 9, 10] as well as with brain disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, and autism [9,10,11]. The dynamics of synchronous rhythms are related to coupling, architecture of network, endogenous electronic activity of individual neurons, and other factors such as time delay and noise [12,13,14,15,16,17]
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