Dynamics of the Metabolome of Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14 in Response to Light and Temperature Variations.

Damien Le Moigne,Benjamin Marie,Justine Demay,Cécile Bernard,Sandra Kim Tiam,Anita Reinhardt

doi:10.3390/metabo11110745

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are microorganisms able to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions and abiotic stresses. They produce a large number of metabolites that can participate in the dynamic adaptation of cyanobacteria to a range of different light, temperature, and nutrient conditions. Studying the metabolite profile is one way to understand how the physiological status of cells is related to their adaptive response. In this study, we sought to understand how the diversity and dynamics of the whole metabolome depended on the growth phase and various abiotic factors such as light intensity and temperature. The cyanobacterium, Aliinostoc sp. PMC 882.14, was selected for its large number of biosynthetic gene clusters. One group of cells was grown under normal conditions as a control, while other groups were grown under higher light or temperature. Metabolomes were analyzed by mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS/MS) combined with untargeted analysis to investigate metabolite dynamics, and significant variation was found between exponential and stationary phases, regardless of culture conditions. In the higher light group, the synthesis of several metabolites, including shinorine, was induced while other metabolites, such as microviridins, were synthesized under higher temperature conditions. Among highly regulated metabolites, we observed the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and variants of somamides, microginins, and microviridins. This study demonstrated the importance of considering the physiological state of cyanobacteria for comparative global metabolomics and studies of the regulatory processes involved in production of specific metabolites. Our results also open up new perspectives on the use of organisms such as cyanobacteria for the targeted production of bioactive metabolites.

Highlights

We investigated the entire metabolite profile produced by the cyanobacterium, Aliinostoc sp
PMC 882.14 indicated the presence of numerous common cellular metabolites such as dipeptides, nucleosides, and fatty acids and molecules specific to cyanobacteria such as analogues of
This study provided the first picture of the diversity and dynamics of metabolites produced by the cyanobacterium Aliinostoc sp

Summary

Introduction

Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative photosynthetic prokaryotes that can be found in all environments and habitats including extreme conditions. They play an essential role in the functioning of various ecosystems because of their involvement in primary production through oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria produce a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, more than 1100 of which have been described to date [2]. Cyanobacteria are the organisms of choice for researching methods for production of valuable bioactive molecules. Scientific fields such as pharmacology, the food industry, and biotechnology are actively exploring their properties for potential commercialization [4,5]. Cyanobacteria present promising applications in the field of cosmetics thanks to their production of various molecules with photo-protective, antioxidant, or anti-inflammatory properties, such as carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), and scytonemins [5,6,7]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion