Abstract
In this work we report infrared-to-visible upconversion luminescence in the low-phonon-energy host material $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Br}}_{5}$ doped with ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions under $^{4}I_{9∕2}$ excitation. Different upconversion emissions are observed depending on the excitation wavelength. Resonant excitation in the $^{4}I_{9∕2}$ level $(\ensuremath{\approx}805\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ originates emissions from levels $^{2}H_{9∕2}$ and $^{2}H_{11∕2}∕^{4}S_{3∕2}$. These upconverted emissions occur via energy transfer upconversion processes. However, under nonresonant excitation at lower energies than $^{4}I_{9∕2}$, the main emission results from the $^{2}H_{9∕2}$ level. This latter upconverted emission can be attributed to excited-state absorption of the pump radiation. The excitation mechanisms have been investigated in detail using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy and the dynamics has been studied by using a rate equation model.
Highlights
Rare-earth- ͑RE-͒doped materials capable of converting infrared radiation into visible light in an efficient way are potential candidates for photonic applications in several areas such as color displays, sensors, detection of infrared radiation, and upconversion laser.1 Upconversion luminescence is considered as a promising solution to obtain efficient visible lasers pumped by commercial infrared laser diodes
Upconversion laser at the green emission 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 of Er3+ ions pumped with a laser diode at 800 nm has been obtained with a higher efficiency than the one achieved by harmonic generation technique
We have analyzed the dynamics of the upconversion processes in Er3+-doped low-phonon-energy crystal KPb2Br5 under excitation 4I9/2 level leads in to the 4I9/2 level. emission from
Summary
Rare-earth- ͑RE-͒doped materials capable of converting infrared radiation into visible light in an efficient way are potential candidates for photonic applications in several areas such as color displays, sensors, detection of infrared radiation, and upconversion laser. Upconversion luminescence is considered as a promising solution to obtain efficient visible lasers pumped by commercial infrared laser diodes. Upconversion luminescence is considered as a promising solution to obtain efficient visible lasers pumped by commercial infrared laser diodes. Efficient upconversion laser action has been demonstrated in crystals and fibers doped with, e.g., Pr3+,2 Tm3+,3,4 Ho3+,5 and Er3+.6. Upconversion laser at the green emission 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 of Er3+ ions pumped with a laser diode at 800 nm has been obtained with a higher efficiency than the one achieved by harmonic generation technique.. Upconversion laser at the green emission 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 of Er3+ ions pumped with a laser diode at 800 nm has been obtained with a higher efficiency than the one achieved by harmonic generation technique.6 Most of these results correspond to fluoride systems. The green emission 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 can be pumped under excitation into the 4I9/2 levelat Ϸ800 nmor into the 4I11/2 levelat
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