Dynamics of spin-nematic bright solitary waves in spin-tensor-momentum coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We explore the dynamics of bright solitary waves in one-dimensional spin-tensor-momentum coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. Our results show that the solitary waves have nonzero spin and nematicity simultaneously, hence we call them spin-nematic solitary waves. The ground-state solitary waves carry a finite momentum and display the zero-energy modes arising from symmetry breaking. In the motion of the solitary wave, the spin-tensor-momentum coupling induces the flip of the spin-nematic vector on a unit Bloch sphere, which in turn produces a force to result in the oscillatory motion of the solitary wave. The effects of a harmonic trap are also analyzed. These findings reveal the unique properties of solitary waves affected by the spin-tensor-momentum coupling.