Dynamics of serum immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations in dairy calves during the first 2 weeks of life

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of serum IgG (determined with radial immunodiffusion) and total protein (TP; determined with refractometry) concentrations during the first 16 d of life. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the transfer of passive immunity (TPI) classification at d 1 of life as a conditional factor for the aforementioned dynamics, and to describe over time changes on calves' TPI classification. At a commercial raising operation, 36 calves (19 Holstein, 17 Jersey) were sampled immediately after arrival (d 1) and at d 4, 8, 12 and 16 of life, for serum IgG and TP concentration, and hematocrit determination (HCT). Transfer of passive immunity was categorized based on serum IgG (IgG-Poor: IgG <18 g/L; IgG-Good: IgG 18 to <25 g/L; IgG-Excellent: IgG ≥25 g/L) and TP concentrations (TP-Poor: <5.8 g/dL; TP-Good: 5.8 to <6.2 g/dL; TP-Excellent: ≥6.2 g/dL). Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate serum IgG and TP changes over time, considering the effects of time after birth, breed, HCT, and TPI classification at d 1 of life. At d 1, median serum IgG and TP concentrations were 29.9 g/L and 6.3 g/dL, respectively (interquartile ranges: 21.3–42.3 g/L and 5.6–6.7 g/dL, respectively). Dynamics of serum IgG and TP concentrations were conditional to TPI at d 1 of life. Serum IgG concentration declined over time for IgG-Excellent and IgG-Good calves (18.1 and 4.6 g/L, respectively), but remained constant for IgG-Poor calves. Serum TP concentration declined over time in the 3 TPI groups but it was more marked for TP-Excellent (27%) and TP-Good (19%) than for TP-Poor (14%) calves. At d 1, 83.3% of the calves were classified as IgG-Excellent or IgG-Good, whereas 77.8, 55.6, 41.7, and 58.3% of calves were classified within these categories at d 4, 8, 12, and 16 of life, respectively. Similarly, at d 1, 66.7% of calves were classified as TP-Excellent or TP-Good, whereas 47.2, 36.1, 25.0, and 2.8% were classified within these categories at d 4, 8, 12, and 16 of life, respectively. In summary, our results indicate that serum IgG and TP concentrations decline over 16 d of life, and the decline is associated with TPI classification at d 1 of life. Further studies are needed to determine the biological implications of serum IgG and TP decline after d 1 of life, and to elucidate the factors determining the different dynamics. Our results suggest that current thresholds for TPI classification should be interpreted carefully when the age of calves is unknown or outside the age range used to define those thresholds (>24 h to 7 d).