Abstract
BackgroundLung tissue of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is heterogeneously damaged and prone to develop atelectasis. During inflation, atelectatic regions may exhibit alveolar recruitment accompanied by prolonged filling with air in contrast to regions with already open alveoli with a fast increase in regional aeration. During deflation, derecruitment of injured regions is possible with ongoing loss in regional aeration. The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of regional lung aeration in mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS and its dependency on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) using electrical impedance tomography (EIT).MethodsTwelve lung healthy and twenty ARDS patients were examined by EIT during sustained step increases in airway pressure from 0, 8 and 15 cm H2O to 35 cm H2O and during subsequent step decrease to the corresponding PEEP. Regional EIT waveforms in the ventral and dorsal lung regions were fitted to bi-exponential equations. Regional fast and slow respiratory time constants and the sizes of the fast and slow compartments were subsequently calculated.ResultsARDS patients exhibited significantly lower fast and slow time constants than the lung healthy patients in ventral and dorsal regions. The time constants were significantly affected by PEEP and differed between the regions. The size of the fast compartment was significantly lower in ARDS patients than in patients with healthy lung under all studied conditions.ConclusionThese results show that regional lung mechanics can be assessed by EIT. They reflect the lower respiratory system compliance of injured lungs and imply more pronounced regional recruitment and derecruitment in ARDS patients.
Highlights
Lung tissue of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is heterogeneously damaged and prone to develop atelectasis
The time constants were significantly affected by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and differed between the regions
Representative regional electrical impedance tomography (EIT) waveforms and the corresponding fitted curves obtained in one subject with normal lungs and in one ARDS patient during the step increase in airway pressure from 0 cm
Summary
Lung tissue of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is heterogeneously damaged and prone to develop atelectasis. The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of regional lung aeration in mechanically ventilated patients with. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory disease with a heterogeneous lung tissue damage affecting regional lung aeration, ventilation and perfusion and their spatial distribution. ARDS require artificial ventilation which should secure adequate gas exchange and cause minimal harm to the already injured tissue. PEEP is used in patients with injured lungs to avoid cyclic recruitment and derecruitment and to homogenize the distribution of ventilation [3]. The knowledge of regional lung mechanics might provide useful information on the lung tissue response to modified ventilator settings
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