Abstract
The objectives this paper focuses on thedynamic ofpoultry production system constraints, opportunities and marketing system in the Ethiopia in the form of summary from past, recent and/or current studies. Currently, Ethiopia poultry production systems are classified into industrial and integrated/medium- and large-scale intensive systems and family poultry production systems (i.e. the small-scale intensive is characterized specialized, commercial day-old chicks (DOCs) or pullets (200–1 000 broilers, 100–500 layers), commercial balanced rations and good quality houses. semi-intensive is characterized by flocks ranging from 50 to 200 birds, using commercial, crossbred or indigenous breeds reared under scavenging management conditions with regular supplementation., extensive scavenging is characterized ranging from 5 to 50 birds comprised of indigenous and/or crossbred chickens and it is practiced by households having access to rural markets and small-extensive scavenging systemsit is based on a flock size of 1–5 indigenous chickens kept under scavenging conditions.The national average flock size of chicks, cockerels, pullet, hen, cocks, and total chicken per households were 5.3, 1.3, 1.7, 4, 1.5 and 11.1, respectively in Ethiopia. All scavenging chicken producer practice supplementary feeding (100%) from all type of feed, supplemented maize account (63%). It needs incorporate protein source feed at dry season. Keywords: Production system, Ethiopia, chicken, productivity DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/77-01 Publication date: March 31 st 2021
Highlights
Ethiopia like in any other developing countries many rural households keep chicken in their farmyard
The most dominant chicken types reared in this system are local ecotypes, which show a large variation in body position, color, comb type and productivity (Tadelle et al, 2003b; Halima et al, 2007)
Disease and predators Alemayehu G and Solomon A 2018 stated that diseases are the major constraints to the production of scavenging chickens which was rated (40%) of the respondents followed by lack of chick management (16%), lack feed (9%), lack improved local chicken (8%), absence of medicine (6%), lack of regular vaccination (5%), predator (4%), lack of market chain and government favor chicken producers(3%) and lack of capital, exotic chicken and weak extension (1%).Among the disease Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious bursal disease (IBD), Marek's disease, Mycoplasmosis, Salmonellosis, Colibasilosis, Coccidiosis, Toxoplasmosis and Heliminthosis are poultry diseases with significant economic importance both in the family poultry production systems and intensive production systems in Ethiopia(FAO, 2019)
Summary
Ethiopia like in any other developing countries many rural households keep chicken in their farmyard. The total chicken population in the country is estimated to be 60.5 million of which 94.33% are the most dominant chicken types of the indigenous,3.21% hybrid and 2.47% exotic (CSA, 2016). Ethiopian CSA (2013) reported that 96.9, 0.54 and 2.56% of the total poultry were reported to be indigenous, hybrid and exotic, respectively. Rural poultry production suffers from the constraints of disease, insufficient feeding and lack of appropriate housing, inbreeding. If these constraints are removed, productivity would be increased to the direct benefit of the marginal farmer. Developmental options for improving the productivity of indigenous chickens in the short term should be aiming at improving the basic managerial practices such as supplemental feeding, health care and providing shelter (Misba et al, 2011). The objective of this paper was, review the current situationof chicken production system,constraints opportunity and marketing and deliversensible findings information for beneficiaries
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