Abstract
The analysis of the modern process of phytophagous insect invasion on the South Coast of the Crimea showed that since the beginning of the active introduction of woody and shrubby plants of foreign breeding for the 18-year period from 2002 to 2020. Fifteen harmful species previously unregistered in the region have been identified. Since 2008, one or two new species have been identified annually, which has led to significant changes in the taxonomic structure of the phytophagous complex in the parks of the South Coast of the Crimea. Invasive phytophages are represented by five orders, of which 26.4% are species of the order Homoptera, 19.8% are species of the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, 14.2% are phytophages of the order Diptera. It is established that nine species are monophages, three species are oligophages, and three species are polyphages. Icerya purchasi Mask., Cydalima perspectalis Walker, Ceroplastes japonicus Green, Chrysolina аmericana L., Cameraria ohridella Deschka&Dimic, Bactrocera oleae Rossi and Paysandisia archon Burmeister are the greatest threat to plantings. The terms of detection and the area on the territory of the Crimea, the range of forage plants, the degree of harmfulness, the frequency of occurrence is established, and data on the phenology of the most important species are presented.
Highlights
On the South Coast of the Crimea, there are about 100 large and small parks with a total area of 1.5 thousand hectares
As a result of a long-term analysis of the phytosanitary condition of the parks of the South Coast of Crimea, its instability was revealed, which is expressed in periodic sharp increases in the number of individual pests, disappearance of others, constant changes of the dominant species that occur under the influence of interspecific competition, weather and climatic factors, anthropogenic and pesticide loads, the activity of entomoacariphages and passive migration
I. purchasi parasitizes on fruit, subtropical and coniferous crops, both on the field and under cover, and C. japonicus inhabits ornamental and subtropical fruit crops (Diospyros kaki L. f.). [7]
Summary
On the South Coast of the Crimea, there are about 100 large and small parks with a total area of 1.5 thousand hectares. Many of them are parks-monuments of great value and are subject to state protection. Park biocenosis is characterized by species and age diversity. There are from 100 to 200 species and forms of trees and shrubs. Many factors affect the durability and decorative quality of plants, including the damage caused by pests. The entomo-faunistic complex is formed from local and imported species. Its structure depends on the species composition of the plantings, especially on the proportion of introduced plants, their age, and the degree of anthropogenic load. Pests introduced together with plants, devoid of natural enemies, can multiply en masse and lead to plants death.
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