Abstract
We study the dynamics of particles in closed orbits in a galactic disk perturbed by a lopsided halo potential. The underlying potential in a large fraction of spiral galaxies is now believed to have this form. The orbits are solved via first-order epicyclic theory, and the azimuthal variation in the effective surface density is obtained for an exponential disk. The results are obtained first for a flat rotation curve and then for a general power-law rotation curve. These are shown to be valid for both stars and gas in the inner (optical) region of a galaxy because both respond to the same lopsided potential and have comparable disk scale lengths. The results are applied to external lopsided galaxies.
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