Abstract
Background Increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein type 1 (MCP-1) is associated with HIV CNS disease. This study evaluated the temporal relationships between MCP-1 expression and HIV replication in the CNS. Methods MCP-1 and HIV viral load (VL) were measured in serially obtained samples of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in subjects either interrupting (TI) or starting (TS) antiretroviral therapy. Results Following TI, plasma VL rebounded first, followed by increases in CSF MCP-1, which immediately preceded or coincided with a rebound of CSF VL. Conclusion The close temporal relationship of the increase of MCP-1 and CSF VL suggests that they are co-regulated, or that one is a stimulus for the other.
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