Dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in cells at different phases of the cell-division cycle

Claudia Doel,John Bashiruddin,Lise Mazelet,Ryan Waters,Zhidong Zhang

doi:10.15302/j-fase-2014031

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) repli- cates in epithelial cells. The restriction of FMDV RNA to the basal cell layer of epithelia suggests a possible link between FMDVreplication in vivo and the cell status. This paper describes in vitro studies in which FMDV infection was investigated in cells that were held at various cell division phases using cell cycle inhibitors. The results suggest that when cells were arrested at the G1 or G1/S phase, high levels of viral RNA were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and viral protein synthesis was observed by specific labeling techniques. In contrast, when cells were arrested at the G2/M phase, reduced or no viral RNA synthesis was detected.

Highlights

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus, is a small, nonenveloped RNA viruses containing a positive single strand RNA genome, which is the causative agent of foot-andmouth disease (FMD) characterized by the appearance of vesicles on the feet and in and around the mouth.Studies on the cellular site of FMDV replication have shown that FMDV RNAs were predominantly localized in the basal cells of both mouth and foot epithelium during disease with visible cytopathology
It is unclear if FMDV synthesis in vivo is related to the cell-division cycle, but the restriction of FMDV to the certain cells of epithelia [6] suggests a possible link between FMDV replication in vivo and the status of cells at infection
The results demonstrated that when cells were arrested at the G1 or G1/S phase, high levels of viral RNA were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and extensive viral protein synthesis was observed by specific labeling techniques

Summary

Introduction

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus, is a small, nonenveloped RNA viruses containing a positive single strand RNA genome, which is the causative agent of foot-andmouth disease (FMD) characterized by the appearance of vesicles on the feet and in and around the mouth.Studies on the cellular site of FMDV replication have shown that FMDV RNAs were predominantly localized in the basal cells of both mouth and foot epithelium during disease with visible cytopathology (unpublished data). The cell-division cycle consists of four different phases: G0 phase is a resting phase where the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing; G1 phase where cytoplasmic materials are accumulated; S and G2 phases in where DNA replication occurs; and the M phase, where cell duplication occurs. It is unclear if FMDV synthesis in vivo is related to the cell-division cycle, but the restriction of FMDV to the certain cells of epithelia [6] suggests a possible link between FMDV replication in vivo and the status of cells at infection. When cells were arrested at the G2/M phase, reduced or no viral RNA synthesis was detected or viral protein synthesis observed

Methods

Results

Conclusion