Abstract
In this paper, we consider the evolutionary competition between budding and lytic viral release strategies, using a delay differential equation model with distributed delay. When antibody is not established, the dynamics of competition depends on the respective basic reproductive ratios of the two viruses. If the basic reproductive ratio of budding virus is greater than that of lytic virus and one, budding virus can survive. When antibody is established for both strains but the neutralization capacities are the same for both strains, consequence of the competition also depends only on the basic reproductive ratios of the budding and lytic viruses. Using two concrete forms of the viral production functions, we are also able to conclude that budding virus will outcompete if the rates of viral production, death rates of infected cells and neutralizing capacities of the antibodies are the same for budding and lytic viruses. In this case, budding strategy would have an evolutionary advantage. However, if the antibody neutralization capacity for the budding virus is larger than that for the lytic virus, the lytic virus can outcompete the budding virus provided that its reproductive ratio is very high. An explicit threshold is derived.
Highlights
In the real world, there are mainly two types of viral release strategies: lytic and budding
From the above results on the dynamics of the model (3), we see that the impact of the production/release strategies for new virions is reflected by the dependence of the reproductive ratios on KB and KL, the burst sizes of budding virus and lysis virus under the respective production/release strategies represented by γB(a) and γL(a) and the initial releasing time τB and τL
Budding virus is featured by a longer release period of new virions, while lytic virus is characterized by a long accumulation period but a shorter release period of new virions
Summary
There are mainly two types of viral release strategies: lytic and budding. Stability, infection age, budding, lytic, competition, antibody, releasing strategy, burst size.
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