Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. The Republic of Karelia belongs to a group of regions with a high prevalence rate of type 1 diabetes mellitus (over 200 per 100,000 residents). In the last 20 years, type 1 diabetes incidence has increased 3.4 times, mostly due to the onset at an early age. The incidence rate of new cases of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents does not show any clear linear dependence. Significant incidence occur every 4 or 5 years, which is most likely to be connected with an increase in the incidence of virus infection in these years. The primary incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children per every 100 thousand of the child population is also higher in the Republic of Karelia compared to the Russian Federation. 17,4% children in Karelia have a genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes mellitus (positive for HLA-DQB*0302 and/ or *02 and negative for the protective alleles *0602/03, *0301), which is lower than in Finland (23%).Genetic heterogeneity among ethnic populations in conjunction with environmental factors can determine the peculiarities of type 1 diabetes mellitus prevalence rate.
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