Dynamics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence in adult population of the North-West federal district throughout a 10-year follow-up period (2010–2019)

Abstract

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary di sease (COPD) is extremely variable in different regions of Rus-sia, as it depends on many lifestyle factors, exposure to various damaging agents, environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the study was to determine the main trends and characteristics of the general and primary inci-dence of COPD in the adult population of the North-West Federal District for the period of 2010–2019. Materials and methods. Published data for the period from 2010–2019 were used, in particular data from the Federal State Statistical Monitoring of the Russian Federation on the incidence of adult patients’ visits to medical institutions in the Northwestern Federal District, Moscow and the Russian Federation as a whole. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS application package. Results. In the structure of the general morbidity rate of respiratory dis-eases (ALD) in the adult population of the NWFD in 2019, COPD accounted for 2%, in the structure of the primary morbidity, for 0.3%. Over a ten-year follow-up period, the overall incidence of COPD in the NWFD decreased by 11.8%, however, in different regions, these data differ widely: from +66.6% in the Leningrad region to –37.0% in the Novgorod region. The greatest increase in the overall incidence was registered in the republics of Karelia and Komi, as well as in the Novgorod region, in which the average value of the overall incidence for ten years was higher than the average for Russia and the average for the whole of the Northwestern Federal District. Primary inci-dence of COPD in the adult population of the NWFD for the period 2010–2019 increased by 13.1%. The greatest increase in primary morbidity was noted in the Leningrad region, in the Republic of Karelia and in the Novgorod re-gion. Conclusion. The dynamics of the overall incidence of COPD in the subjects of the NWFD in 2010–2019, as well as in Russia as a whole, is characterized by a slight increase. The observed increase in the incidence of COPD may be associated with improved diagnosis, a significant increase in the level of knowledge of primary health care physicians in medical institutions of the North-West Fed-eral District and an improvement in the organization of pulmonological care in the region.