Dynamics of calcium signals and the intracellular regulatory signaling network

Abstract

<p indent="0mm">The calcium ion (Ca²⁺) acts as a ubiquitous cellular messenger, regulating a wide variety of cellular processes. The intracellular signaling network precisely controls the normal and pathophysiological functions of cells to conduct various physiological activities. This article reviews our research progress on the dynamics of intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling and cellular signaling network models in recent years, including the release of local Ca²⁺ signals from clustered Ca²⁺ channels, global Ca²⁺ waves in cells, Ca²⁺ regulation with microdomains between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, dynamics of cell apoptosis regulated by Ca²⁺ signaling, and dynamics of cellular signaling regulation networks. These simulation studies provide directions and ideas for future research on how Ca²⁺ signals and cellular signaling networks regulate the complicated life functions in cells.