Abstract
The bottom boundary layer is the region adjacent to the sea floor, with a thickness typically on the order of meters to tens of meters, where turbulence generated by bottom drag produces vertical mixing of mass, heat, and momentum. Oceanic boundary layers are influenced not only by turbulent mixing, but also by planetary rotation, stratification, topography, surface waves, internal waves, and interaction with the erodible sea floor. Historically, understanding of the oceanic bottom boundary layer has been based on classical results in engineering and meteorology. However, recent theory and measurements have revealed unique features of oceanic boundary layers. Outstanding problems include measuring the interaction of the flow with the erodible sea floor; measuring the spatial scales of turbulent motions that accomplish vertical transport of mass, heat, and momentum; and understanding the processes that control the intensity and scale of boundary layer turbulence, particularly in stable stratification.
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