Abstract
The article is written as part of a study of the urban planning foundations of the health system spatial development, one of the components of which are hospitals. The article is aimed to study dynamics of architectural and urban planning hospital systems evolution. The study is performed by using systemic and integrated analysis. This article focuses on challenging the issue of historical evolution analysis and further transformation ways of hospital systems in the aspect of architectural and urban planning design. The basic assumptions have been determined and the historical periods of the formation of hospital organizations have been identified. Dynamic regularities are established, the specificity is described and trends of the typological transformation of hospital systems in various regional contexts of the world`s major countries are indicated. The study was carried out taking into account the conformity to the laws of history and features of the architectural and urban planning evolution of hospital systems, as well as the evolution peculiarities of hospitals as a complex urban planning subsystem within the multilevel system of the urban environment, were discussed. Hospitals gradually changed, transformed under the influence of various external and internal factors, public demands, needs and expectations from healthcare. Reforming the hospital system is an extremely actual, complex and difficult process for any country. Hospital design trends: the enlargement of medical buildings, the formation of complexes; emphasis on the intensity of treatment, the use of day hospitals; individualization of design decisions, rejection of stereotypical hospital forms; the formation of an aesthetic space with healing potential; ecological approach and harmony with the environment.
Highlights
The high importance of hospitals in the healthcare system is due to several reasons: firstly, funding for hospitals occupies a significant part of the healthcare budget; secondly, hospitals provide access to specialized medical services; thirdly, the experienced staff of hospitals forms the main fund of medical professionals
The study outlines the historical evolution of hospital buildings, points out differences in the speed of evolutionary processes in different countries and regional contexts
It should be noted that reforming the hospital system is an extremely complex and difficult process for any country, including leaders in the economic sector
Summary
It should be noted that in recent years, thanks to the active progress of medical technologies, the increasing importance and introduction of evidence-based medicine, hospitals have become an innovative training ground and an important factor affecting the health of the population as a whole (Fig. 4) [5, 6]. An example of the latter is the experience of Great Britain, in which since 1992 the concept of "hospital" has been practically not used, and instead the concept of "hospital trust" (hospital buildings located in different places) is widespread (Fig. 3) [4]. It must be taken into account that the policy of a healthcare organization, effective in one cultural and historical context, can only be critically adapted to be transferred to other soil
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