Abstract
It is well known that entrapment of air bubbles near the sea surface contributes substantially to the underwater noise levels. The collapse of air pockets created by steep capillary waves is a possible mechanism of bubble formation. A boundary integral formulation is employed to simulate the bubble behavior after detachment from these air pockets. The initial profile of the trapped bubble, approximated from the form of the capillary waves, suggests a high elongated bubble relatively far from the sea surface. A sequence of initial bubble shapes is generated from successively closer approximations to the bubble shape. Depending on the initial curvature of the detachment point the bubble may break up into two or oscillate as a single bubble in a rather violent manner. Volume oscillations that are responsible for the radiation of sound are found to be affected by the shape oscillations. It is found that a traveling capillary wave on the bubble surface can cause a pressure pulse upon reaching the axis. As a result, the pressure signal may deviate substantially from the simple damped sinusoid of a spherical bubble. [Work supported by ONR.]
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