Abstract
The dynamics of a laser-induced bubble on top of a solid cylinder is studied both experimentally and numerically. When the bubble is generated close to the flat top along the axis of the cylinder and its maximum radius exceeds the one of the flat top surface, it collapses in the form of a mushroom with a footing on the cylinder, a long stem and a hat-like cap typical for a mushroom head. The head may collapse forming a thin, fast liquid jet into the stem, depending on bubble size and bubble distance to the top of the cylinder. Several experimental and numerical examples are given. The results represent a contribution to understand the behavior of bubbles collapsing close to structured surfaces and in particular, how thin, fast jets are generated.
Highlights
Cavitation bubbles of millimeter and sub-millimeter size have been investigated for more than 100 years
Comparison of an Experimental Mushroom Bubble with Simulations The code was tested for its validity in several studies on bubble dynamics by comparison with experiments [42,53,59]
The special fluid flow leading to the mushroom shape could be reproduced in numerical studies by solving the Navier-Stokes equations for a Tait-compressible liquid with OpenFOAM
Summary
Cavitation bubbles of millimeter and sub-millimeter size have been investigated for more than 100 years. There is ongoing interest in cavitation bubble dynamics. When a cavitation bubble is formed, it usually undergoes rapid expansion and—due to ambient pressure or acoustic driving—rapid collapse with subsequent rebound and further collapses and rebounds [3,4]. The dynamics of the bubble is highly influenced by many factors: the properties of the surrounding liquid (density, viscosity), the bubble contents (gas, vapour), the bubble–liquid interface (surface tension, coating), outer factors (pressure, temperature, gravity) and, in particular, the large class of geometrical constraints, i.e., boundaries or objects nearby with different properties from flat to curved or smooth to corrugated and solid to soft. For the beginning of cavitation bubble dynamics studies with laser-seeded bubbles, see [7,8])
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