Abstract
This study investigates the dynamical behavior of a ratio-dependent Lotka–Volterra competitive-competitive-cooperative system with feedback controls and delays. Compared with previous studies, both ratio-dependent functional responses and time delays are considered. By employing the comparison method, the Lyapunov function method, and useful inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions on the permanence, periodic solution, and global attractivity for the considered system are derived. Finally, a numerical example is also presented to validate the practicability and feasibility of our proposed results.
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