Abstract
Within substorm activations during two superstorms (2000 and 2003) from the observations at mid-latitude geomagnetic observatories, we study short-period irregular geomagnetic pulsations and airglow in the 557.7 nm and 630.0 nm atomic oxygen emission lines, and in the 391.4 nm ionized nitrogen molecular band. Through the genuine magnetogram inversion technique, from the 1-minute data of the ground-based magnetometer global network, we investigate the distribution dynamics for field-aligned currents (FACs) in the ionosphere. The relation is shown between pulsation bursts and airglow disturbances in the post-midnight sector to precipitations of energetic electrons (~keV) and increase in the R2 upward FACs.
Highlights
Studying geodynamics includes processes in the Earth crust, and in the atmosphere and in the near – Earth space
Addressed superstorms, broad‐band PiB bursts were observed during substorm activity increase against the continuous short‐period noise Pi1С pulsations, and were accompanied by irregular pulsations of the decay period (IPDP) increases and by airglow disturbances in the 557.7 nm and 630.0 nm atomic oxygen emission lines, and in the 391.4 nm ionized ni‐ trogen molecular band at the mid‐latitude stations in the MLT spaced sectors
The 2000 Apr 6 superstorm sudden commencement coincides with the onset of the substorm active phase, because the substorm growth phase started with the IMF southward turn at ~16:00 UT [Mishin et al, 2010]
Summary
Studying geodynamics includes processes in the Earth crust, and in the atmosphere and in the near – Earth space. When studying the main objects of space weather and of geodynamics – magnetospheric substorms and storms – one observes geomagnetic pulsations of vario‐ us types, as well as auroras with the intensity exceed‐ ing 100 kR These events are accompanied by an in‐ crease in electric fields and currents in the ionosphere of the auroral zone that, during superstorms (some‐ times observed strongest storms), can spread to the mid latitudes [Troitskaya, Gul'elmi, 1967; Pudovkin et al, 1976; Tinsley et al, 1986; Brunelli, 1988; Rassoul et al, 1993; Kangas et al, 1998; Mikhalev et al, 2004; Zverev et al, 2012; Leonovich et al, 2013; Li, Wang, 2018]. Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 2019 Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 673–685 observed at high latitudes, subauroral and auroral [Kangas et al, 1998]
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