Abstract
Mount Lokon is an active mountain near residential areas such as cities Tomohon, Tondano, and Manado. Along with the increasing population and population development around Mount Lokon, vegetation is decreasing due to converting land from grassland to land use for human activities. Using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images, this study was conducted to analyze the surface temperature and vegetation index dynamics around Mount Lokon, including the residential areas. Found that an increase in mean temperature occurred, and the peak increased dramatically in 2018 with temperatures > 26˚C. This result, of course, correlates with the decreasing vegetation area. However, the decline occurred in 2020 due to decreased human activities and land clearing for new settlements caused by activity restrictions which were the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reforestation efforts must be made to increase the vegetation around Mount Lokon, including residential areas. The average surface temperature can be controlled, and living creatures can be given comfort to living things around them even after the pandemic and human activities return to normal.
Highlights
Mount Lokon is one of the volcanoes that frequently erupts located in Tomohon, North Sulawesi Province
Using remote sensing technology utilizing Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Satellite Imagery, we can analyze the dynamics of surface temperature and vegetation index in the area around Mount Lokon and how these two things are related to one another
These results correlate with research results from Dede et al (2019) high surface temperatures were found in the central business district (CBD), industrial areas, ports, congestion-prone points, and terminals
Summary
Mount Lokon is one of the volcanoes that frequently erupts located in Tomohon, North Sulawesi Province. The increase in population certainly affects the expansion of settlements and vegetation area and, changes in surface temperature in settlements around Mount Lokon. The increase in surface temperature certainly causes discomfort in daily human activities, so humans generally need coolers such as air conditioners and fans, resulting in energy wastage and pollution. Using remote sensing technology utilizing Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Satellite Imagery, we can analyze the dynamics of surface temperature and vegetation index in the area around Mount Lokon and how these two things are related to one another. The tools used in this research are: 1) Laptop 2) Satellite image data of Landsat 8 3) Software QGIS Processing of vegetation index and surface temperature in this study using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS. Where Lλ is the TOA spectral radiation value, M L as a thermal band rescaling factor, Qcal the amount of heat energy and AL shows the value of the thermal band constant (USGS, 2019)
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