Dynamical Tropical Cyclone 96- and 120-h Track Forecast Errors in the Western North Pacific

Abstract

Abstract The Joint Typhoon Warning Center has been issuing 96- and 120-h track forecasts since May 2003. It uses four dynamical models that provide guidance at these forecast intervals and relies heavily on a consensus of these four models in producing the official forecast. Whereas each of the models has skill, each occasionally has large errors. The objective of this study is to provide a characterization of these errors in the western North Pacific during 2004 for two of the four models: the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and the U.S. Navy’s version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model (GFDN). All 96- and 120-h track errors greater than 400 and 500 n mi, respectively, are examined following the approach developed recently by Carr and Elsberry. All of these large-error cases can be attributed to the models not properly representing the physical processes known to control tropical cyclone motion, which were classified in a series of conceptual models by Carr and Elsberry for either tropical-related or midlatitude-related mechanisms. For those large-error cases where an error mechanism could be established, midlatitude influences caused 83% (85%) of the NOGAPS (GFDN) errors. The most common tropical influence is an excessive direct cyclone interaction in which the tropical cyclone track is erroneously affected by an adjacent cyclone. The most common midlatitude-related errors in the NOGAPS tracks arise from an erroneous prediction of the environmental flow dominated by a ridge in the midlatitudes. Errors in the GFDN tracks are caused by both ridge-dominated and trough-dominated environmental flows in the midlatitudes. Case studies illustrating the key error mechanisms are provided. An ability to confidently identify these error mechanisms and thereby eliminate likely erroneous tracks from the consensus would improve the accuracy of 96- and 120-h track forecasts.