Dynamical properties of ultracold Bose atomic gases in one-dimensional optical lattices created by two schemes**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11764012, 11565011, 11665010, 61864002, and 11805047) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province, China (Grant No. 20165197).

Abstract

An optical lattice could be produced either by splitting an input light (splitting scheme) or by reflecting the input light by a mirror (retro-reflected scheme). We study quantum dynamical properties of an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in the two schemes. Adopting a mean field theory and neglecting collision interactions between atoms, we find that the momentum and spatial distributions of BEC are always symmetric in the splitting scheme which, however, are asymmetric in the retro-reflected scheme. The reason for this difference is due to the local field effect. Furthermore, we propose an effective method to avoid asymmetric diffraction.