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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on dynamical coordination of hand intrinsic muscles during precision grip. Precision grip was tested using a custom designed apparatus with stable and unstable loads, during which the surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) were recorded simultaneously. Recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was applied to quantify the dynamical structure of sEMG signals of the APB and FDI; and cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) was used to assess the intermuscular coupling between the two intrinsic muscles. This study revealed that the DM altered the dynamical structure of muscle activation for the FDI and the dynamical intermuscular coordination between the APB and FDI during precision grip. A reinforced feedforward mechanism that compensates the loss of sensory feedbacks in DM may be responsible for the stronger intermuscular coupling between the APB and FDI muscles. Sensory deficits in DM remarkably decreased the capacity of online motor adjustment based on sensory feedback, rendering a lower adaptability to the uncertainty of environment. This study shed light on inherent dynamical properties underlying the intrinsic muscle activation and intermuscular coordination for precision grip and the effects of DM on hand sensorimotor function.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the dynamical coordination of hand intrinsic muscles during precision grip using cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA)
The current study revealed that holding the object stably in air might exempt the digit force exertion from online feedback control based on peripheral sensory inputs, but rather rely on a feedforward control based on pre-programmed motor commands or default modes for force production[44]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels. Stronger coupling of extrinsic muscles is favorable to synergistic force production, whereas the weaker coupling among intrinsic muscles helps independent control of individual fingers for fine motor tasks[19,20,21]. It would be an intriguing issue whether the DM impairs the coordination of intrinsic muscles during sustained precision grip that requires continuous sensory inputs and real-time neuromuscular adjustments. A group of measures derived from CRQA provide quantifications for the deterministic or stochastic components, structural complexity, periodic patterns, or motor synchronization underlying the dynamical coordination across muscles; and these measures can disclose the functionally meaningful features in highly fuzzy, complex, and dynamic control process in neuromuscular systems[25,27]
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