Abstract
Dynamical complexity and multistability of electrostatic waves are investigated in a four-component homogeneous and magnetized lunar wake plasma constituting of beam electrons, heavier ions (alpha particles, He++), protons, and suprathermal electrons. The unperturbed dynamical system of the considered lunar wake plasma supports nonlinear and supernonlinear trajectories which correspond to nonlinear and supernonlinear electrostatic waves. On the contrary, the perturbed dynamical system of lunar wake plasma shows different types of coexisting attractors including periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic, investigated by phase plots and Lyapunov exponents. To confirm chaotic and nonchaotic dynamics in the perturbed lunar wake plasma, 0−1 chaos test is performed. Furthermore, a weighted recurrence-based entropy is implemented to investigate the dynamical complexity of the system. Numerical results show existence of chaos with variation of complexity in the perturbed dynamics.
Highlights
Model EquationsA homogeneous four-component magnetized lunar wake plasma constituting of protons (Np0, Tp), electron beams (Nb0, Tb), heavier ions, such as alpha particles, He++(Ni0, Ti), and suprathermal elections (Ne0, Te), where Nj0 and Tj denote number densities at equilibrium state and temperature of jth species, where j b, e, i, and p for beam electrons and suprathermal electrons, ions, and positrons, respectively
Introduction e Moon is nonconducting and has no atmosphere and intrinsic magnetic field, so the solar wind freely interacts with the Moon and forms a wake on the antisunward side of the Moon [1]. e magnetic field of solar wind enters the Moon compared with particles of solar wind. e variations in density across the boundary of lunar wake steer the solar wind plasma to replenish the void area by ambipolar diffusion [2, 3]. e presence of ion and electron beams with fluctuating temperature of solar wind plasma produces different kinds of waves. e wind satellite revealed ion beams [2] and different modes of nonlinear waves [4] in the tail region of lunar wake
Phase portrait analysis of a novel dynamical system corresponding to lunar wake has been performed in plasma constituting of beam electrons, heavier ions, protons, and suprathermal electrons
Summary
A homogeneous four-component magnetized lunar wake plasma constituting of protons (Np0, Tp), electron beams (Nb0, Tb), heavier ions, such as alpha particles, He++(Ni0, Ti), and suprathermal elections (Ne0, Te), where Nj0 and Tj denote number densities at equilibrium state and temperature of jth species, where j b, e, i, and p for beam electrons and suprathermal electrons, ions, and positrons, respectively. E suprathermal electrons of the lunar wake plasma are assumed to follow the κ-distribution [26]: fe(v) ne0 π(1/2)θ. Where κ represents spectral index, Γ(κ) stands for gamma function, and θ denotes modified electron thermal velocity given by θ2 2 −. E normalized fluid equations for lunar wake plasma propagating parallel to B0 are given by znj zt znjvj zx. For one-dimensional case, we consider the adiabatic index, cj 3 for all species
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