Abstract
Deep inelastic collisions (DICs) can compete strongly with fusion in collisions of heavy nuclei. However, standard coupled-channels calculations do not take DIC processes into account. As a result, calculations have been shown to overestimate the fusion cross-sections, resulting in a discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical calculations, particularly at energies above the fusion barrier. To investigate this discrepancy, we conducted a series of experiments using the ANU 14UD tandem accelerator and the CUBE 2-body fission spectrometer to examine the competition between transfer/DIC and fusion. In particular, fusion-fission and 3-body fission yields have been extracted for 34 S + 232 Th and 40 Ca + 232 Th systems. This work shows that the transfer-fission probability is enhanced relative to fusion-fission for 40 Ca + 232 Th, when compared to 34 S+ 232 Th. It is suggested that the enhancement of this DIC process in 40 Ca + 232 Th is linked to an increase in the density overlap of the colliding nuclei as a function of the charge product and contributes to fusion hindrance.
Highlights
Deep inelastic collisions (DICs) have been shown to compete strongly with fusion [1] and become increasingly probable as the charge product (Z1Z2) of the reaction increases [2,3,4]
In Ref. [7], it was suggested that an enhancement in DICs with increasing Z1Z2 may be responsible for fusion suppression
Such a dynamical reaction model is being developed at the Australian National University (ANU); the work presented here is aimed at providing experimental inputs to this phenomenological model
Summary
Deep inelastic collisions (DICs) have been shown to compete strongly with fusion [1] and become increasingly probable as the charge product (Z1Z2) of the reaction increases [2,3,4]. One factor that is considered to be important in shaping the influence of dissipative processes on reaction outcomes is the density overlap of colliding nuclei, i.e., increasing nucleon-nucleon interactions that result in a substantial loss of kinetic energy and angular momentum from the relative motion. The relative kinetic energy of the colliding nuclei is dissipated into excitation energy (heating) of the heavy product, which can be formed by either transfer or fusion reactions. FMT fission and transfer-fission yields have been extracted for 34S + 232Th and 40Ca + 232Th reactions The comparison between these reactions will shed light on the effect of the DIC process on heavy ion collisions and explore the necessity of explicitly taking energy dissipation into account in the description of the fusion process
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