Abstract
Decentralized and centralized vehicular communication is investigated in this work using Gaussian interpolation function with cluster head (CH) selection technique. The work uncovered that the best communication approach is to use both centralized and decentralized vehicular communication as combining them will achieve a much more uniform results as a function of communication radius values and vehicular speed. It is also found that vehicular speed contributes negatively to the efficiency of data communication if the relative speed of the vehicles to the communication radius is limited by their ratios. Mathematical expression is presented that relates probability of successful transmission to communication radius for both centralized and decentralized techniques with data proving the importance of the spread parameter within the Gaussian interpolation in a tabulated form, and explained to prove the adaptability of the function used. It is also shown in this work that weights affecting CH selection, thus using Gaussian interpolation is proved to be important as a weighting function in an a adaptive and dynamic vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETS) covering both vehicle to vehicle (V2V), and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication through cluster head selection.
Highlights
Due to the increase in connected and autonomous vehicles and number of vehicles in urban areas, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) clustering has become increasingly crucial
cluster head (CH) can be considered as a mobile routing node with Cluster Member (CM) that represent a vehicle as a standard mobile node, where Cluster Gateway (CG) can be formed by two CMs with an interfacing task
It is noticeable that at low radius values and due to distance between vehicles and road side units (RSUs) the efficiency of data delivery is very low, which results in higher probability of transmission error and data loss
Summary
Due to the increase in connected and autonomous vehicles and number of vehicles in urban areas, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) clustering has become increasingly crucial. Clustering is a process of grouping vehicles regarded as nodes of a network into groups forming hierarchical structure. This structure provides specific functions leading to better quality of service (QoS). To enable quality of service and better resource management, hierarchical structure is proposed by researchers [21], [22] Such approach describes the process of close to each other vehicles, with shared features, to join a group that is termed a cluster. In VANETs, the process of clustering involves a cluster head (CH), which has the main task in the formation process of a cluster Such a cluster can be formed in different ways according to selected metrics. Researchers considered metrics to select CH and a cluster such as: 1) Average vehicular velocity 2) Average vehicular acceleration 3) Vehicular position 4) Vehicular heading 5) Traffic Density
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