Abstract
The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transport management system solutions. The measurement of distortions of the Earth’s magnetic field using magnetic field sensors served as the basis for designing a solution aimed at vehicle detection. In accordance with the results obtained from research into process modeling and experimentally testing all the relevant hypotheses an algorithm for vehicle detection using the state criteria was proposed. Aiming to evaluate all of the possibilities, as well as pros and cons of the use of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors in the transport flow control process, we have performed a series of experiments with various vehicles (or different series) from several car manufacturers. A comparison of 12 selected methods, based on either the process of determining the peak signal values and their concurrence in time whilst calculating the delay, or by measuring the cross-correlation of these signals, was carried out. It was established that the relative error can be minimized via the Z component cross-correlation and Kz criterion cross-correlation methods. The average relative error of vehicle speed determination in the best case did not exceed 1.5% when the distance between sensors was set to 2 m.
Highlights
Intelligent transport [1], smart cities [2,3] and the Internet of Things [4] are terms that surround all of us nowadays
The literature analysis reveals that the majority of research in the field of Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors has been carried out in laboratories, which indicates the lack of practical research activity when it comes to real transport vehicles and road environment conditions [10]
The process of transferring data and reading the data from the AMR sensors via the I2C interface interfaceprocess was carried out using data a low-power of transferring and reading the data from the AMR sensors via the I2C interface was The carried out using a low-power MSP430 microcontroller
Summary
Intelligent transport [1], smart cities [2,3] and the Internet of Things [4] are terms that surround all of us nowadays. One of the key factors allowing one to consider intelligent solutions [3,4,5] designed for urban areas is the constantly decreasing price of sensors capable of providing information about traffic flows, environmental conditions and other parameters. Magnetoresistive sensors are small, so their installation and maintenance are much less complex and pricey in comparison to induction loops. Since their introduction, they have been subject to little scrutiny or testing in this particular application area. In comparison to road induction loops the process of locating vehicles using magnetic fields is way more complicated. The literature analysis reveals that the majority of research in the field of AMR sensors has been carried out in laboratories, which indicates the lack of practical research activity when it comes to real transport vehicles and road environment conditions [10]
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