Dynamic Universe Model Explains the Variations of Gravitational Deflection Observations of Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry

Abstract

This paper explains the reasons behind the wide range of values of gravitational deflection (bending) results of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations, using SITA calculations of Dynamic Universe Model. These higher ranges in VLBI results are beyond explainable values of general relativistic predictions as well as with parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, even after accounting for the standard errors. Dynamic Universe model’s built in capabilities of considering simultaneous and dynamic gravitational effect of Sun, planets, local stars etc., makes these discrepancies comprehendible. For doing so, the abilities of Dynamic Universe Model are extended into micro world i.e., the masses of light photons and radio wavelength photons, Neutrinos, electrons and protons etc., by extending from the original mathematical formulation for Dynamic Universe model viz., for planets, stars, Galaxies etc. Later 76 theoretical experiments on grazing radio photons were conducted with different initial xyz coordinates in different directions and with the same status of solar system as on 01.01.2000@00.00:00 hrs, for all these experiments. The resulting bending angles of all these experiments were plotted in a graph against solar elongation angle, which confirms that ‘gravitation of all planets etc.,’ is to be considered as suggested by many researchers for explaining the discrepancies of VLBI observations. This work is a theoretical and computational work and the overall combined results as shown are consolidated in this paper.