Dynamic Trends in the Incidence of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Child Population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra

Abstract

Introduction: Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia incidence is rising both in the Russian Federation and around the world. Our objective was to establish the main features of the long-term epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (KMAO) in 2014–2018. Materials and methods: We used official statistics of Rospotrebnadzor and results of a retrospective analysis of medical histories of 652 hospitalized children with clinical manifestations of community-acquired pneumonia for 2014–2018. Results: The long-term incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in the general population of KMAO for 2014–2018 was 449.2 ± 5.45 per 100,000 or 1.19 times higher than the corresponding Russian rate. The same rate among children under the age of 17 across administrative units of KMAO ranged from 821.4 ± 87.2 to 1,983.2 ± 69.2 per 100,000 for the same period. The long-term average incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in children under the age of 17 in KMAO in 2014-2018 was 684.4 ± 13.1 per 100,000 or 1.7 times higher than corresponding federal rate and 1.85 times higher than that in the regional adult population. Among the children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in 2014–2018, the majority were toddlers aged 1-2 (37 %) while the percentages of infants of 0-1 and adolescents of 15–17 were the lowest and equaled 14% and 5%, respectively. As for etiology, we observed a decrease in bacterial community-acquired pneumonia, with a rise in 2018, and an increasing incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniea pneumonia. Conclusions: In 2014–2018, the epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia in KMAO was characterized by a common trend of significant growth in the general population with the highest rate of increase registered in 2018. Among the hospitalized pediatric cases of pneumonia, the majority were children of 1 to 6 (63%). Redistribution of the spectrum of bacterial pathogens of pneumonia in children was characterized by a decrease in pneumococcal infection and a higher detection rate of mycoplasma infection.