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Abstract
The wild population of Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H. J. Lam is currently dwindling; its understory seedlings are rare, and there is a lack of molecular studies, which impedes the conservation of this species. This study exploited second-generation sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics analysis to uncover the dynamic changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in five post-germination stages of M. pasquieri whole organism. Notably, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), transcriptome, and metabolome association analyses all indicated significant enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in stage 4 (two-leaf), and an upregulation of the genes encoding flavonol biosynthesis in this stage. In stage 5 (nine-leaf), the flavonols were significantly accumulated, indicating that the changes in metabolites were driven at the transcript level. According to the significant changes in gene expression encoding auxin transport carriers and their correlation with flavonols during stage 5, the flavonols were speculated to have a direct inhibitory effect on the expression of PIN4 encoding gene, which may inhibit the process of polar auxin transport. The results provided important insights into the molecular network relationships between the transcription and metabolism of this rare and endangered species during the post-germination stages and explained the reasons for the slow growth of its seedlings at the molecular level.
Highlights
Seed germination is the start of the plant life cycle (Bewley, 1997), and the development after germination has a straightforward influence on plant survival (Li et al, 2005)
It was found that during the growth process from the early seed germination stage to the post-germination stage, genes related to CHO metabolism were activated first, followed by gene expression related to lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism, and changes in metabolites further verified the sequence of these biological events (Qu et al, 2019a)
In the definition of the traditional seed germination stage, the termination of germination is the protuberance of the radicle through the seed envelope, so in this study, we define this stage as stage 1
Summary
Seed germination is the start of the plant life cycle (Bewley, 1997), and the development after germination has a straightforward influence on plant survival (Li et al, 2005). Gene expression can be detected with transcriptome methods, whereas functional changes caused by these genes or proteins can be investigated by metabolomics (Yuan et al, 2018), which is an effective way to analyze the complicated process of post-germination growth. The alterations in metabolites were detected, including carbohydrates and amino acids, indicating it was driven by the altered genes expressions (Wang et al, 2020) In another poplar study, it was found that during the growth process from the early seed germination stage to the post-germination stage, genes related to CHO metabolism were activated first, followed by gene expression related to lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism, and changes in metabolites further verified the sequence of these biological events (Qu et al, 2019a). Targeted metabolomics is a new method that can accurately detect hundreds of target metabolites, and is broadly used
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