Dynamic Transcriptome Profiling of Mungbean Genotypes Unveil the Genes Respond to the Infection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus.

Manickam Sudha,Muthurajan Raveendran,Mayalagu Kanimoli Mathivathana,Jayakodi Murukarthick,Manickam Dhasarathan,Muthaiyan Pandiyan,Natesan Senthil,Karuppiah Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan,Adhimoolam Karthikeyan,Balasubramaniam Madhumitha,Madiha Natchi Samu Shihabdeen,Rajagopalan Veera Ranjani

doi:10.3390/pathogens11020190

Abstract

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD), incited by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), is a primary viral disease that reduces mungbean production in South Asia, especially in India. There is no detailed knowledge regarding the genes and molecular mechanisms conferring resistance of mungbean to MYMV. Therefore, disclosing the genetic and molecular bases related to MYMV resistance helps to develop the mungbean genotypes with MYMV resistance. In this study, transcriptomes of mungbean genotypes, VGGRU-1 (resistant) and VRM (Gg) 1 (susceptible) infected with MYMV were compared to those of uninfected controls. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the resistant and susceptible genotypes was 896 and 506, respectively. Among them, 275 DEGs were common between the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Functional annotation of DEGs revealed that the DEGs belonged to the following categories defense and pathogenesis, receptor-like kinases; serine/threonine protein kinases, hormone signaling, transcription factors, and chaperons, and secondary metabolites. Further, we have confirmed the expression pattern of several DEGs by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Collectively, the information obtained in this study unveils the new insights into characterizing the MYMV resistance and paved the way for breeding MYMV resistant mungbean in the future.

Highlights

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is a major virus disease, and its incidence has become severe in the past three decades throughout most mungbean (Vigna radiata) producing regions in South Asia and in India
We used stringent criteria to filter the clean highquality reads and aligned more than 80% reads based on the reference genome and used for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis
We used the criteria of false discovery rate (≤0.001) and fold change greater than or equal to identify DEGs in resistant and susceptible genotypes

Summary

Introduction

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is a major virus disease, and its incidence has become severe in the past three decades throughout most mungbean (Vigna radiata) producing regions in South Asia and in India. I.e., mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), and horse gram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV), have been found to cause YMD in various mungbean producing regions of Asia [1]. MYMV and MYMIV cause the YMD in India. The use of mungbean cultivars resistant to MYMV has long been considered an effective and economical way to control the virus [6]. Despite the advances in deciphering the mungbean genome, limited information is known about the genes and mechanisms underlying mungbean resistance to MYMV, which is essential for developing effective control methods. Comprehensive knowledge of mungbean responses to MYMV infection is needed for developing methods for the management of virus

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