Abstract
High temperature at anthesis is one of the most serious stress factors for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, causing irreversible yield losses and reduces grain quality. Illustration of thermotolerance mechanism is of great importance to accelerate rice breeding aimed at thermotolerance improvement. Here, we identified a new thermotolerant germplasm, SDWG005. Microscopical analysis found that stable anther structure of SDWG005 under stress may contribute to its thermotolerance. Dynamic transcriptomic analysis totally identified 3559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SDWG005 anthers at anthesis under heat treatments, including 477, 869, 2335, and 2210 for 1, 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively; however, only 131 were regulated across all four-time-points. The DEGs were divided into nine clusters according to their expressions in these heat treatments. Further analysis indicated that some main gene categories involved in heat-response of SDWG005 anthers, such as transcription factors, nucleic acid and protein metabolisms related genes, etc. Comparison with previous studies indicates that a core gene-set may exist for thermotolerance mechanism. Expression and polymorphic analysis of agmatine-coumarin-acyltransferase gene OsACT in different accessions suggested that it may involve in SDWG005 thermotolerance. This study improves our understanding of thermotolerance mechanisms in rice anthers during anthesis, and also lays foundation for breeding thermotolerant varieties via molecular breeding.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated crops for global food security
Anther dehiscence is one of the most sensitive physiological processes affected by high temperature during anthesis; an increase in the basal pore length in a dehisced anther is critical for successful pollination [8,9]
The results showed that 9311 had more than 60% sterile spikelets after 5 d of heat treatment
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated crops for global food security. Transcriptomics have been used to study the molecular mechanisms of thermotolerance in wheat [11], tomato [12], potato [13], and carnation [14]; multiple genes and pathways have been identified as heat-responsive This information has helped us to understand how plants sense and respond to heat stress. The findings reported here provide additional information for understanding the mechanisms of thermotolerance in rice at the reproductive stage and lay the foundation for breeding heat-tolerant rice varieties. By using this germplasm, rice varieties with better thermotolerance could be developed through modern molecular breeding strategies
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