DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODEL OF RICE SELF SUFFICIENCY TOWARDS FOOD SECURITY

Trista Fristovana,Musa Hubeis,Eko Ruddy Cahyadi

doi:10.17358/jma.16.3.121

Abstract

Food security is the condition of fulfilling individual food that is sufficient, safe, equitable and affordable. The main target of fulfilling food sufficiency is dominated by rice self-sufficiency. Rice self-sufficiency is important because it has special reasons in terms of politics and social economy. The sustainability of rice self-sufficiency faces many challenges because domestic rice supply growth is not as fast as rice use. The purpose of this study is to simulate the scenario of achieving self-sufficiency in rice and formulating policy recommendations for developing management to achieve self-sufficiency in rice. Research data includes primary and secondary data. This research uses a dynamic system approach. Simulations carried out from 2018-2045. The simulated policy is intensification, extensification, suppression of postharvest losses and Indonesia a self-sufficiency country as well as an exporter of rice (scenario five), but the policy requires a very large budget. Scenario six, a combination of intensification, suppression of postharvest losses and land conversion becomes an alternative operational policy and is most likely to be applied. Land conversion is the biggest determinant in rice self-sufficiency. Recommendations address for the government include: (1) establish and protect longterm rice fields, (2) identify and map of areas that have the potential for the development of a periodic expansion of food crops; (3) guarantee the availability of agricultural facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the selected policy, both in the form of the application of scenario six and scenario five. Keywords: dynamic system, food security, policy, rice, self-sufficiency

Highlights

Food is an inseparable part of basic human rights guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
The variables used in the model were adopted from previous studies and documented history of successful rice self-sufficiency during the New Order era (1984), the First United Indonesia Cabinet (2007–2009) and the Working Cabinet (2016)
By combining these, the researchers categorized the rice supply subsystem variables consisted of productivity, Plant Index (PI), pest/Plant Disturbing Organism (PDO) control, postharvest handling (AFF revitalization, Combine Harvester (CH), dryer), land area, feed, and Bulog stock

Summary

Introduction

Food is an inseparable part of basic human rights guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The government is mandated to accomplish national food security. The main concept of food security, as stated in the Law Number (No.) 18 of 2012 regarding Food, consisted of two aspects which are (1) easy access to food and (2) sufficient, safe and nutritious food. Food sufficiency in terms of staple food is preferably obtained from domestic production or self-sufficiency production. Self-sufficiency is the pillar of food security (FAO, 2015). The main commodity target for self-sufficiency in Indonesia is rice (Kementan, 2015). Rice has been consumed as the staple food for more than 95% of Indonesia's population (Sudaryanto, 2013). Rice is obtained and served, and gives an impact on national stability (Subejo, 2014)

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