Dynamic surface critical behavior of isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets: Boundary conditions, renormalized field theory, and computer simulation results

Abstract

The dynamic critical behavior of isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets with a planar free surface is investigated by means of field-theoretic renormalization group techniques and high-precision computer simulations. An appropriate semi-infinite extension of the stochastic model J is constructed. The relevant boundary terms of the action of the associated dynamic field theory are identified, the implied boundary conditions are derived, and the renormalization of the model in $d<6$ bulk dimensions is clarified. Two distinct renormalization schemes are utilized. The first is a massless one based on minimal subtraction of dimensional poles and the dimensionality expansion about $d=6.$ To overcome its problems in going below $d=4$ dimensions, a massive one for fixed dimensions $d<~4$ is constructed. The resulting renormalization group (or Callan-Symanzik) equations are exploited to obtain the scaling forms of surface quantities like the dynamic structure factor. In conjunction with boundary operator expansions scaling relations follow that relate the critical indices of the dynamic and static infrared singularities of surface quantities to familiar static bulk and surface exponents. To test the predicted scaling forms and scaling-law expressions for the critical exponents involved, accurate computer-simulation data are presented for the dynamic surface structure factor. These are in conformity with our predictions.