Abstract
Skin performs multiple important functions for our body and that might be the main reason for it complex structure and unique mechanical behaviour. There have been a lot of studies about skin mechanical behaviour but skin deformation behaviour and its dynamic stress under low impact loading is still not well understood. This paper aims to review past research related to skin investigation, which ultimately leads to proposing a research framework in determining the dynamic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading. In the first stage, the literatures related to skin substitutes and skin hyperelastic properties were reviewed, summarised and reported. The past research related to numerical analysis using hyperelastic constitutive models such as Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden model to quantify skin mechanical behaviour were discussed. Next, the literatures related to determining dynamic stress as well as the specimen specification were reviewed and reported. Finally, based on these reviews, a research framework to determine the dynamic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading is proposed. The information provided in this paper could contribute significant fundamental knowledge about skin behaviour and the preparation to perform experiments in understanding the dynamic stress of skin under low impact loading.
Highlights
Human tissues are complex layered natural part of our body which one of the part of it is skin
This paper aims to review past research related to skin investigation, which leads to proposing a research framework in determining the dynamic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading
The dynamic stress is often occurred to human body as an example, forces that applied to our body, in which cause the dynamic deformation to human skin [27, 28, 29, and 30]
Summary
Human tissues are complex layered natural part of our body which one of the part of it is skin. Skin is one of the most important tissues since it accounts for about 15% of the body weight, averages 1.8 m2 in surface, and has a thickness of 1.5–4 mm in the human body [1, 2] It can be divided into three layered which are epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The hypodermis which is the innermost layer of skin mechanically act as shock absorber [3, 9, 10] It known as “subcutis” or “subcutaneous fat” which mainly composed of areolar connective and adipose tissue that functions as energy storage and give thermal insulation to human body [3, 6]. Damage and accident are the most complicated and leads to important study to determine the mechanical properties and behaviour of skin due to limited information and development of synthetic skin as skin substitute [5]
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