Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Access Using Cognitive Radio Networks in a Maritime

Dickson E Onu,Mamilus A Ahaneku ,Michael O Ezea ,Henry O Osuagwu ,Udora N Nwawelu

doi:10.52549/ijeei.v9i3.2661

Abstract

The maritime environment is unique due to radio wave propagation over water, surface reflection and wave obstruction. In dealing with the challenging maritime environment, a dynamic spectrum allocation access using cognitive radio network through optimization is proposed. Existing works in this area are limited in performance due to the long duration in achieving the probability of false alarm. Matched filtering technique which is known as the optimum method for detection of primary users (PUs) faces the challenge of large power consumption as various receiver’s algorithm are needed to be executed for detection. This work provides a platform that enables minimum energy utilization by secondary users (SUs) thereby, enhancing throughput. An algorithm for throughput maximum in spectrum allocation was developed and used based on demand based model. The implementation of the developed model was carried out using Java program and the spectrum analysis using long distance path loss model and adaptive modulation code to estimate the minimum bandwidth of the secondary users. A simulation of cognitive radio mesh network for the testing and validation of the demand based algorithm preference, and also the cognitive radio network traffic was carried out using Cisco packet tracer and results shown on MATLAB. Simulation results indicate that using the demand based algorithm, the throughput rose with time and almost stabilized. This increase and steady throughput indicates effectiveness in the algorithm which shows that the PUs and SUs activities increase as holes’ detection effort varies, unlike that of genetic algorithm where the throughput rose gradually, got to a peak value at certain time and then fell which indicates instability in the variation of the throughput. Also, the average throughput of the demand based algorithm is far greater than that of genetic algorithm which shows that demand based algorithm outperforms the genetic by a far greater percentage. The percentage of optimization is approximately 26%.

Highlights

Wireless broadband has become a very important part of our everyday life and work, due to the complexity in managing very large amounts of internet data
The implication is that there is a limited available spectrum band for installing new systems with a broad bandwidth. This led to the wrong belief that there is a spectrum crisis. This wrong belief is because we look at the spectrum as a huge band of frequencies that we distribute over different systems using a fixed spectrum assignment policy, but what if we look at the spectrum from the time respective for the same frequency range, We will find that the band utilization in urban areas ranges from less than 1% to slightly more than 50% as measured experimentally in [4], and it is even less in suburban and rural areas
The variation of throughput is shown (Figure 4.2), unlike in the case of the propose demand based algorithm, the throughput rose gradually. It got to its peak value of 113.5023kbytes/sec at about 40.4657 seconds it falls to 107.9117 Kbytes/sec at about 49.3246 seconds and gradually tappers to 103.7941 Kbytes at about 60 seconds. This indicates that the variation in throughput with the genetic algorithm is not stable as it is with the proposed demand based algorithm

Summary

Introduction

Wireless broadband has become a very important part of our everyday life and work, due to the complexity in managing very large amounts of internet data. Attention in this area is needed in maritime network despite the fact that broadband access is very common on land. Unlike the land vehicles, maneuvering at sea is affected by sea surface movement and wave obstructions [2]. This can lead to link breakages as a result of low link stability as well. In spite of the need to achieve performance close to high-speed terrestrial wireless broadband service on land, there is only a perfunctory effort to investigate maritime networks

Methods

Results

Conclusion