Abstract
A decrease in the utilization of fossil energies, mainly by replacing them with renewable energy sources (RESs), is regarded as a potential energy source in today’s applications. RESs are broadly utilized for heating purposes and particularly with applications in solar water heater (SWH). Despite the accessibility of SWH technologies and their affordable prices in Iran, there is no comprehensive study to explain the potential of Iranian regions to supply hot water for household applications. This one-year work, hence, attempts the first dynamical simulation of a solar heating system to provide sanitary hot water (SHW) as well as hot water demanded to heat 47 stations in Iran. Weather data were extracted from METEONORM and environmental-technical analyses performed by thermal solar (TSOL) software. Stations were ranked based on CCR and BCC models in data envelopment analysis (DEA) method using GAMS V 24.1. As with results, a total of 223.1 MWh solar heat is generated annually from all stations that prevent the emission of 64.5 t CO2 every year. According to CCR and BCC models, Bandar Abbas, Chabahar, Fasa, Iranshahr, Kermanshah, Khoramabad, Sarab, Shahr-e-kord, Yasuj, Zanjan, and Zahedan are the best in this regard. Also according to the economic analysis, the average price of home solar heating in Iran is 0.160 $/kWh.
Highlights
Importance and necessity of solar water heater (SWH) applicationsAccording to the International Energy Agency [IEA], the global use of energy sources will increase by 30% from 2011 to 2035 (IEA, 2017)
The results of the study of economic parameters net present value (NPV) and cost of energy (COE) are given in Table 4, based on which the payback time for each station and the average cost per kWh of solar heat produced in Iran are calculated
The results show that the received radiation on the surface of solar collectors is equal to 45.73 MWh, which indicates the good condition of radiation at Chabahar station
Summary
According to the International Energy Agency [IEA], the global use of energy sources will increase by 30% from 2011 to 2035 (IEA, 2017). The daily increase in energy consumption (on the one hand) and a decline in fossil energy sources and risk of associated air pollution (on the other hand) have driven researchers and industrialists to direct toward RESs. Figure 1 shows the capacity of installed solar energy (GW) for all over the world, and by countries, from 2003 to 2019. According to the International Solar Appointment, $1,000 billion will allocate to promote the solar energy sector by 2030. A total of 15% of energy sources will allocate to RESs such as solar, wind, and geothermal energies by 2040 (IEA, 2015)
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