Dynamic S-box with Reversible Gates for both Classical and Quantum Computer

Abstract

Reversible logic gates are universally adopted to replace the classical gates in various circuits to avail the advantages of power reduction and speed maximization. The application of reversible gates includes various fields like Quantum computing, Nano technology, low power CMOS, optical computing etc. Reversible gates are the key components for the quantum circuits. Here reversible gates are used to design a dynamic light weight S-box. The S-box is the key circuit component for cryptographic algorithm. The combination of Controlled NOT(CNOT), Peres and Selim Al Mamun (SAM) gates are used to achieve the dynamic nature of the S-Box. The simulation analysis is made to evaluate the cryptographic properties such as Avalanche Criteria (AC), Strict Avalanche Criteria (SAC), Bit Independence Criteria (BIC) and Nonlinearity to measure the strength and reliability of the proposed S-box. The comparative performance investigation is done with the Rijndael S-box used in popular AES algorithm as it was widely accepted by NISTIR and still shows that the proposed S-Box outperform with respect to the existing S-box. Use of input dependant reversible logic gate combination enhances the performance of the S-box in both classical and quantum computer.