Dynamic Role of Specific Microbes in Bioremediation of Heavy Metals and Dyes from The Textile Industry

Abstract

India’s textile industries generate a high volume of wastewater every year. Textile dye effluent has been noted as containing heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, and zinc, either in free ionic metals or complex metals. The water with textile effluent contains heavy metals like cadmium, lead, and zinc, which accumulate in various parts of plants that ultimately enter the food chain, resulting in clinical problems like hepatic and renal system damage, intellectual disability, and degradation of the basal ganglia of the human brain. There are many conventional physicochemical methods that remove heavy metals from industrial effluents, but these methods are all expensive. Hence, bioremediation, especially microbial bioremediation, is a promising alternative. Bioremediating textile dyes, i.e., transforming or mineralizing and degrading toxic contaminants by the enzymatic action of certain microbes, can be used with the rational development of microbial consortia where synergistic microorganisms can bioremediate textile dyes and heavy metals.