Abstract
Seismic liquefaction can cause severe damage to underground structures in saturated sandy soil, and vertical ground motion is considered as an important factor for such damage. This paper investigates the bidirectional seismic response of underground structures in layered liquefiable grounds using a high fidelity finite element calculation method. A unified plasticity model for large post-liquefaction shear deformation of sand is used for the liquefiable soil to fully capture the behavior of saturated sand. A technique of combining beam elements with quadrilateral elements is developed to simulate reinforced concrete structures. Shallow buried underground structures in level and sloping layered liquefiable ground are analyzed under horizontal (H-input) and bidirectional (HV-input) motions, respectively. Comparison of the results show that the effect of vertical seismic excitation is significant for vertical axial force, but has little effect for the shear force, bending moment, and shear de-formation of the structure.
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