Dynamic Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment &amp; Economic Growth in Iraq: Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing Approach

Sundus Jasim Shaaibith ,Shatha Salem Daly ,Munaf Marza Neama

doi:10.32861/jssr.spi5.391.395

Abstract

The connection between economic development and FDI has been very popular among economists and academia. The importance of this relationship is more significant in developing countries particularly with high unemployment rate and low technological advancement. This investigation is an effort to highlight the issue in Iraqi context by applying ARDL bound test estimation approach. For this purpose, yearly time series data over the period of 1971 to 2016 has been utilized to apply ARDL long run estimation. The results provide robust evidence supporting the view that Iraqi GDP is affected by foreign direct investment in long run. Further, bound test affirm the non presence of short-run causality relationship from foreign direct investment to GDP.

Highlights

In the process of tax control of transactions between interdependent persons, the tax authorities use methods that justify and confirm the fact that the prices applied in transactions between interdependent persons are market-based
The tax control methods for transactions between interdependent persons regulated by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are based on international rules for the regulation of transfer pricing laid down according to the recommendations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- The tax authority must justify and prove the impossibility of applying the previous transfer pricing method before proceeding to the analysis of the current transfer pricing method used in the transaction (Baburyan, 2014)

Summary

Introduction

In the process of tax control of transactions between interdependent persons, the tax authorities use methods that justify and confirm the fact that the prices applied in transactions between interdependent persons are market-based. The tax control methods for transactions between interdependent persons regulated by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are based on international rules for the regulation of transfer pricing laid down according to the recommendations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). - The choice by the taxpayer of an optimal pricing method which, taking into account all aspects of the analyzed transaction, will give the most accurate and well-reasoned conclusion about the conformity of the price applied in the analyzed transaction to the market level;. - A comprehensive analysis of the parties to the transaction, taking into account the available data, including the rationale for choosing the pricing method, the criteria for comparability and interdependence, etc.;. - The tax authority must justify and prove the impossibility of applying the previous transfer pricing method before proceeding to the analysis of the current transfer pricing method used in the transaction (Baburyan, 2014)

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