Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are organelles that perform major functions in the cell and whose activity is very closely associated. In fungi, the function of these organelles is critical for many developmental processes. Recent studies have disclosed that, additionally, fungal development comprises a dynamic regulation of the activity of these organelles, which involves a developmental regulation of organelle assembly, as well as a dynamic modulation of the abundance, distribution, and morphology of these organelles. Furthermore, for many of these processes, the dynamics of peroxisomes and mitochondria are governed by common factors. Notably, intense research has revealed that the process that drives the division of mitochondria and peroxisomes contributes to several developmental processes—including the formation of asexual spores, the differentiation of infective structures by pathogenic fungi, and sexual development—and that these processes rely on selective removal of these organelles via autophagy. Furthermore, evidence has been obtained suggesting a coordinated regulation of organelle assembly and dynamics during development and supporting the existence of regulatory systems controlling fungal development in response to mitochondrial activity. Gathered information underscores an important role for mitochondrial and peroxisome dynamics in fungal development and suggests that this process involves the concerted activity of these organelles.
Highlights
Eukaryotic cells are composed of distinct membrane-bound organelles, which provide compartmentalization for the different tasks of a cell
Research on mitochondrial and peroxisome function in fungi revealed that these organelles are critical for fungal development
Developmental processes in fungi involve a dynamic regulation of the proliferation, distribution, segregation, morphology, and removal of these organelles, and the perturbation of some of these processes has important repercussions in the establishment and progression of different developmental processes
Summary
Eukaryotic cells are composed of distinct membrane-bound organelles, which provide compartmentalization for the different tasks of a cell. The composition and activity of these subcellular structures are regulated during cell development to cope with the specific developmental cell demands. Peroxisomes and mitochondria provide a fascinating example of the cooperative interplay that organelles maintain to perform, regulate, and coordinate their functions. These organelles have long been known to be required for important developmental processes of fungi, and mounting evidence has recently disclosed that the developmental modulation of their dynamics can be determinant for fungal development. We review recent findings on the regulation of peroxisome and mitochondrial activity and dynamics during fungal development, with emphasis on the developmental processes of mycelial fungi
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