Dynamic Recrystallization Modeling and Mechanisms in Inconel 690 Alloy during Hot Compressive Deformation

Abstract

The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of INCONEL 690 (IN690) alloy was studied using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy. Isothermal compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-3500 simulator under temperatures 950-1100 °C, strain rates 0.01-1 s−1, and the maximum true strain 0.8. An Avrami-type model was developed to investigate the DRX behavior of IN690; it was found to be extremely sensitive to the processing parameters of temperature, strain rate, and true strain. As temperature increased and strain rate decreased, the activation energy increased, thus accelerating movement of dislocation and migration of grain boundaries, causing DRX behavior acceleration. The DRX behavior is accompanied by dislocation rearrangement and annihilation. The DRX mechanism of IN690 is dominated by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) and supplemented by continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). A key characteristic of DDRX is grain-boundary bulges, while CDRX features progressive sub-grain rotation, leading to migration of low-angle grain boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries. A series of constitutive models were embedded into finite-element method software to study the DRX behavior of IN690. The results show that the microstructure evolution regularity obtained by the simulation method is consistent with the experimental values, which provides a basis for computer simulations of the hot machining process.