Dynamic phase transitions and dynamic phase diagrams of the spin-2 Blume–Capel model under an oscillating magnetic field within the effective-field theory

Abstract

The dynamic phase transitions are studied in the kinetic spin-2 Blume–Capel model under a time-dependent oscillating magnetic field using the effective-field theory with correlations. The effective-field dynamic equation for the average magnetization is derived by employing the Glauber transition rates and the phases in the system are obtained by solving this dynamic equation. The nature (first- or second-order) of the dynamic phase transition is characterized by investigating the thermal behavior of the dynamic magnetization and the dynamic phase transition temperatures are obtained. The dynamic phase diagrams are constructed in the reduced temperature and magnetic field amplitude plane and are of seven fundamental types. Phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic (P), ferromagnetic-2 (F2) and three coexistence or mixed phase regions, namely the F2+P, F1+P and F2+F1+P, which strongly depend on the crystal-field interaction (D) parameter. The system also exhibits the dynamic tricritical behavior.