Abstract

Oxygen causes an increase in the longitudinal relaxation rate of tissues through its T1-shortening effect owing to its paramagnetic properties. Due to such effects, MRI has been used to study oxygen-related signal intensity changes in various body parts including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space. Oxygen enhancement of CSF has been mainly studied using MRI sequences with relatively longer time resolution such as FLAIR, and T1 value calculation. In this study, fifteen healthy volunteers were scanned using fast advanced spin echo MRI sequence with and without inversion recovery pulse in order to dynamically track oxygen enhancement of CSF. We also focused on the differences of oxygen enhancement at sulcal and ventricular CSF. Our results revealed that CSF signal after administration of oxygen shows rapid signal increase in both sulcal CSF and ventricular CSF on both sequences, with statistically significant predominant increase in sulcal CSF compared with ventricular CSF. CSF is traditionally thought to mainly form from the choroid plexus in the ventricles and is absorbed at the arachnoid villi, however, it is also believed that cerebral arterioles contribute to the production and absorption of CSF, and controversy remains in terms of the precise mechanism. Our results demonstrated rapid oxygen enhancement in sulcal CSF, which may suggest inhaled oxygen may diffuse into sulcal CSF space rapidly probably due to the abundance of pial arterioles on the brain sulci.

Highlights

  • Oxygen causes an increase in the longitudinal relaxation rate of tissues through its T1-shortening effect owing to its paramagnetic properties, no T2-shortening effect of oxygen is seen [1,2]

  • inversion recovery (IR)-Fast advanced spin echo (FASE) images Pre-O2 showed a linear correlation with time

  • FASE images Pre-O2 signals showed a linear correlation with time (R2 = 0.88 for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and R2 = 0.77 for CSFv)

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Summary

Introduction

Oxygen causes an increase in the longitudinal relaxation rate of tissues through its T1-shortening effect owing to its paramagnetic properties, no T2-shortening effect of oxygen is seen [1,2]. Due to such effects, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to study oxygen-related signal intensity (SI) changes in various body organs, such as the lungs [3], brain [4], spleen, myocardium, subcutaneous fat, kidneys, bone marrow, liver and arterial blood [2,5,6]. This fluid is known to be produced from the choroid plexus in the ventricles, transfers to the cisterns and is eventually absorbed by the arachnoid villi, after exchanging contents with the interstitial fluid of the brain

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