Abstract

Advances in golf club performance are typically based on the notion that golfer biomechanics do not change when modifications to the golf club are made. The purpose of this work was to develop a full-swing, forward dynamic golf drive model capable of providing deeper understanding of the interaction between golfer biomechanics and the physical properties of golf clubs. A three-dimensional biomechanical model of a golfer, a Rayleigh beam model of a flexible club, an impact model based on volumetric contact, and a spin-rate dependent aerodynamic ball flight model are used to simulate a golf drive. The six degree-of-freedom biomechanical model features a two degree-of-freedom shoulder joint and a pelvis to model the X-factor. It is driven by parametric joint torque generators designed to mimic muscle torque production, which are scaled by an eccentric-concentric torque-velocity function. Passive resistive torque profiles fit to experimental data are applied to the joints, representing the resistance caused by ligaments and soft tissues near the joint limits. Using a custom optimization routine combining genetic and search-based algorithms, the biomechanical golf swing model was optimized by maximizing carry distance. Comparing the simulated grip kinematics to a golf swing motion capture experiment, the biomechanical model effectively reproduced the motion of an elite golf swing.

Highlights

  • Due to its predictive capabilities, a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic simulation of a golf drive is a valuable asset for providing insights on optimal golfer biomechanics and golf club behavior

  • Forward dynamic golf swing models have been limited to two-dimensions, i.e., the motion of the golf shaft has been constrained to a single plane [1]

  • Published the first 3D forward dynamic model of the golf swing, motivated by evidence that the golf swing is not planar [3]. Their four degree-of-freedom (DOF) rigid-body biomechanical model was actuated by parametric muscle torque generators designed to mimic biomechanical joint torque production [4]

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Summary

Introduction

Due to its predictive capabilities, a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic simulation of a golf drive is a valuable asset for providing insights on optimal golfer biomechanics and golf club behavior. Forward dynamic golf swing models have been limited to two-dimensions, i.e., the motion of the golf shaft has been constrained to a single plane [1]. Published the first 3D forward dynamic model of the golf swing, motivated by evidence that the golf swing is not planar [3]. Their four degree-of-freedom (DOF) rigid-body biomechanical model was actuated by parametric muscle torque generators designed to mimic biomechanical joint torque production [4]. Optimization of the golf swing was performed by maximizing the horizontal clubhead speed at impact

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