Dynamic Optimal Power Flow for Grid-Connected Multi-Microgrid System considering Outage of Energy Sources

Abstract

Recently multi-microgrid (MMG) system has attained additional attention because of significant assimilation of renewable energy sources, enhanced efficacy, reliability and stability through harmonization as well as cooperation of power swap amongst the microgrids (MGs). In this manuscript, dynamic optimal power flow (DOPF) for grid-connected MMG integrated demand response program (DRP) with and without energy source’s outage is presented. Total cost over the entire time-period considering instinctive characteristics of different phases is minimized. Power swap between grid and each MG is bidirectional. Each MG comprises small hydro power plants (SHPPs), solar PV plants (SPVPs), wind turbine generators (WTGs), bioenergy power plants (BPPs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). MMG used here comprises MG 1 including IEEE 33-bus system, MG 2 including 15-bus system and MG 3 including IEEE 69-bus system. This DOPF problem is solved by using quasi-oppositional fast convergence real coded genetic algorithm (QOFCRCGA), self-organizing hierarchical particle swarm optimizer with time-varying acceleration coefficients (HPSO-TVAC), differential evolution (DE), artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization, fast convergence real coded genetic algorithm (FCRCGA) and real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA).