Abstract
Phosphorus is the most limited nutrient in Brazilian soils for plant growth, resulted of low availability and poor P content in bedrock. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic of P fractions in a sand soil typical Quartzipsamment cropped with common bean under the effects of P and Si-fertilizer rates. The research was carried out in a soil with sand texture and clay mineralogy constituted mainly by kaolinite, classified as Neossolo Quartzarenico Ortico típico (RQo). The greenhouse location was the campus of Universidade Federal de Lavras located in the city of Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (approximately 21o13'46.54" S and 44o58'26.30" W, average altitude 932 m above sea level). The experimental design used was entirely random, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial design, with four repetitions, with amount of 48 experimental units. The treatments included four P rates (0, 80, 240 and 410 mg dm-3) and four Si rates (0, 240 and 410 mg dm-3). Phosphorus fractions in soil are little affected by Si-fertilizer rates. P uptakes by bean plants are correlated to the labile and moderately labile fractions. P-fertilizer rates increment majority the stable P fraction in soil and in lower proportion the labile and moderately labile P fractions in soil. Po-NaHCO3 is the only that contributes to bean plant nutrition.
Highlights
Brazilian soil is composed basically by soil with natural low fertility, and among these soils, great amount are composed by typic quartzipsamment soil, considered as low crop production potential due to intrinsic features: sand granulometry, low nutrient availability and high drainage (Albuquerque, Almeida, Gatiboni, & Eltz, 2011).Among the chemical elements, the highest constraints for crop production are imposed by phosphorus (P) limitation
P adsorption is directly correlated with clay content in soil due to capacity of P adsorption in broken face of silicate clay as well as iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxi-hydroxide
Mineralogical composition of soil shows important role in soil P adsorption, which is justified by the bind energy between P and each mineralogical soil fraction (Tokura et al, 2011)
Summary
Brazilian soil is composed basically by soil with natural low fertility, and among these soils, great amount are composed by typic quartzipsamment soil, considered as low crop production potential due to intrinsic features: sand granulometry, low nutrient availability and high drainage (Albuquerque, Almeida, Gatiboni, & Eltz, 2011).Among the chemical elements, the highest constraints for crop production are imposed by phosphorus (P) limitation. Brazilian soil is composed basically by soil with natural low fertility, and among these soils, great amount are composed by typic quartzipsamment soil, considered as low crop production potential due to intrinsic features: sand granulometry, low nutrient availability and high drainage (Albuquerque, Almeida, Gatiboni, & Eltz, 2011). P distribution in soil is present in net crystalline of some soil mineral until more stable fractions as organic matter, which compose the total P fractions in soil that is constituted of organic and inorganic fractions. These organic and inorganic P fractions in soil are present under dynamic balance (Alovisi et al, 2016). Kaolinite is the major silicate mineral in expressive amount in soil highly weathering, goethite and hematite area the major Fe oxide, and gibbsite is considered the only Al oxide in highly weathering soil (Fontes, Camargo, & Sposito, 2001)
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